Equine GM-CSF Recombinant Protein

Catalog Number:: RP0022E
Availability:: In stock
Application:: Cell Culture, ELISA Standard, ELISpot Control, Western Blot Control
100% Homology:: Equus caballus (horse), Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)

Equine GM-CSF (catalog RP0022E) is a yeast-derived cytokine supplied lyophilized without carrier protein in 10% trehalose; it should be reconstituted in sterile PBS that contains at least 0.1% carrier protein. The protein is ~15.2 kDa, 135 amino acids long (full sequence provided), and >98% pure by SDS-PAGE, with 100% amino-acid homology to horse and Przewalski's horse. Store at -20°C (stable up to twelve months from date of receipt; working aliquots with carrier protein stable ~3 months) and avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Product origin is the USA. Kingfisher Biotech products are supplied for research applications and are not intended for medicinal, diagnostic, or therapeutic use. It is commonly used in immunology and cell-biology research to study GM-CSF signaling and myeloid/dendritic-cell biology (including proliferation, differentiation, and survival); typical experimental uses include cell-culture stimulation and dosing studies, proliferation/differentiation assays, ELISA and neutralization assays, flow-cytometry controls, and antibody generation/validation.

Amino Acid Sequence	APTRQPSPVT RPWQHVDAIK EALSLLNNSS DTAAIMNETV EVVSETFDAE ELTCLQTRLK LYKQGLRGSL IKLEGPLTMM ASHYKQHCPP TLETSCATQM ITFKSFKKNL KDFLFEIPFD CWSQPRSKAG LPARS (135)
Endotoxin	Naturally endotoxin-free

Storage Conditions	-20°C
Molecular Weight	15.2 kDa
Purity	>98% as visualized by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Country Of Origin	USA

Equine GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, CSF2) is a hematopoietic cytokine belonging to the colony-stimulating factor family, which also includes G-CSF (CSF3) and M-CSF (CSF1) that regulate the development, proliferation, and activation of myeloid immune cells. In horses (Equus caballus), GM-CSF is produced by activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other stromal cells in response to infection, inflammatory cytokines, or immune stimulation. Equine GM-CSF binds to the GM-CSF receptor (CSF2R) expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature myeloid cells, activating intracellular signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K-AKT, which promote the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as enhance their functional activity in innate and adaptive immune responses. In equine health, GM-CSF contributes to immune defense and inflammatory regulation, particularly through activation of macrophages and neutrophils during infection or tissue injury. Horses are also used as animal models for respiratory inflammatory diseases, and GM-CSF-regulated myeloid responses have been studied in equine models of recurrent airway obstruction (heaves), where activation of macrophages and granulocytes contributes to airway inflammation, providing insights relevant to both equine respiratory disease and human asthma research.

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