Bovine CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), also known as IP-10 (Interferon gamma–induced protein 10), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) that regulate T-cell recruitment during antiviral and inflammatory immune responses. In cattle (Bos taurus), CXCL10 is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), viral infection, or inflammatory cytokines. CXCL10 signals primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells, promoting chemotaxis and activation of these cells at sites of infection or inflammation. In bovine health, CXCL10 is involved in immune responses to viral and bacterial pathogens, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, where CXCL10-mediated recruitment of Th1-type T cells contributes to granuloma formation and cellular immune responses. Because bovine tuberculosis closely resembles human tuberculosis in terms of immune pathology and granulomatous inflammation, cattle are used as comparative animal models for tuberculosis research, and CXCL10 serves as an important marker of IFN-γ–driven immune responses and T-cell trafficking in studies of host–pathogen interactions, diagnostics, and vaccine development.