Rabbit CCL4 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, also known as MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that regulates recruitment and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and infectious responses in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). CCL4 primarily signals through the CCR5 receptor, promoting chemotaxis of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated T lymphocytes to sites of infection, inflammation, or tissue injury. In rabbits, CCL4 is produced by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli such as microbial components and cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. CCL4-mediated immune cell recruitment contributes to host defense in bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory responses associated with tissue injury. In rabbit research, CCL4 is particularly relevant in models of inflammatory disease, infectious disease, and cardiovascular research such as atherosclerosis, where chemokine-driven immune cell infiltration influences vascular inflammation and disease progression. While CCL4-mediated leukocyte trafficking supports pathogen clearance and immune activation, excessive or prolonged expression may contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. As a regulator of leukocyte migration and inflammatory signaling, rabbit CCL4 supports studies of host–pathogen interactions, immune regulation, and inflammatory mechanisms relevant to both veterinary health and comparative biomedical research.