Feline Interleukin-1 Alpha (IL-1α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, which includes IL-1α, IL-1β, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and plays a central role in initiating and amplifying innate immune responses in cats (Felis catus). Unlike IL-1β, IL-1α is constitutively expressed in epithelial and other barrier tissues and can function as both a membrane-bound and intracellular alarmin released upon cell injury or necrosis. IL-1α signals through the IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways that drive leukocyte recruitment, fever, endothelial activation, and production of additional pro-inflammatory mediators. In feline health, IL-1α is particularly relevant in inflammatory skin diseases, chronic gingivostomatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory infections, and osteoarthritis, where it contributes to local tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Dysregulated IL-1α signaling may exacerbate chronic inflammatory conditions and tissue damage. As both an early mediator of sterile inflammation and a biomarker of tissue injury, feline IL-1α is important in studies of mucosal immunity, chronic inflammatory disease, and host–pathogen interactions. In translational research, cats serve as valuable spontaneous models for human inflammatory and oral mucosal diseases, and characterization of feline IL-1α supports comparative investigations into cytokine-driven pathology and development of targeted anti-inflammatory therapies relevant to both veterinary and human medicine.