Rabbit CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, also known as GRO-α – growth-regulated oncogene alpha) is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which includes related chemokines such as CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 (IL-8) that regulate neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses. In rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), CXCL1 is produced by macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to infection, inflammatory cytokines, or tissue injury. CXCL1 primarily signals through the chemokine receptor CXCR2, promoting chemotaxis, activation, and migration of neutrophils and other innate immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. In rabbit physiology, CXCL1 contributes to innate immune defense and inflammatory responses, particularly in tissues such as the lungs, skin, and vascular endothelium. Rabbits are widely used as animal models for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, where CXCL1-mediated recruitment of neutrophils and other leukocytes to vascular tissues contributes to vascular inflammation and plaque development. Consequently, rabbit CXCL1 is studied in immunology, vascular biology, and host–pathogen interaction research to better understand chemokine-driven leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory disease mechanisms.