Bovine CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1), also known as GRO-α (growth-regulated oncogene alpha), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which includes related chemokines such as CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 (IL-8) that regulate neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses. In cattle (Bos taurus), CXCL1 is produced by macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other immune or tissue cells in response to infection, inflammatory cytokines, or tissue injury. CXCL1 exerts its biological effects primarily through binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR2, promoting chemotaxis, activation, and migration of neutrophils to sites of infection or inflammation. In bovine health, CXCL1 plays an important role in innate immune defense, particularly during bacterial infections such as mastitis, where recruitment of neutrophils to the mammary gland is critical for pathogen clearance. CXCL1 is also involved in inflammatory responses associated with bovine respiratory disease and other infectious conditions. Because neutrophil-mediated host defense is essential for protecting cattle against bacterial pathogens, bovine CXCL1 is widely studied in veterinary immunology, mastitis research, and host–pathogen interaction studies, helping to improve understanding of inflammatory signaling and immune responses in livestock.