Bovine Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in cattle (Bos taurus) in response to microbial components or tissue injury. Synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro–IL-1β), it requires cleavage by caspase-1 within the inflammasome complex to become biologically active, after which it binds to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) and activates NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to promote fever, leukocyte recruitment, endothelial activation, and acute-phase protein production. In bovine health, IL-1β plays a central role in inflammatory responses associated with economically significant diseases such as mastitis, bovine respiratory disease (BRD), metritis, lameness, and enteric infections, where it contributes to both pathogen clearance and inflammatory tissue damage. Elevated IL-1β expression in the mammary gland is closely linked to neutrophil recruitment and severity of intramammary infection. As a biomarker of innate immune activation, bovine IL-1β is widely used in studies of vaccine responses, immune modulation, and disease pathogenesis. In veterinary and translational research, characterization of bovine IL-1β supports investigations into inflammasome biology, host–pathogen interactions, inflammatory regulation in large-animal systems, and development of strategies to mitigate excessive inflammation while preserving protective immunity.