Rabbit Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in response to infection, tissue injury, or inflammatory stimuli. Synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro–IL-1β), it is processed into its active form by caspase-1 within inflammasome complexes—most notably the NLRP3 inflammasome—and subsequently signals through the IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways that drive fever, leukocyte recruitment, endothelial activation, and amplification of inflammatory responses. In rabbit health, IL-1β is elevated during bacterial infections such as Pasteurella multocida, viral diseases including rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and myxoma virus, and inflammatory conditions affecting the respiratory tract, joints, and gastrointestinal system. Excessive IL-1β production can contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue pathology. In research settings, rabbits serve as important models for atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, ophthalmic inflammation, and infectious disease, and characterization of rabbit IL-1β supports studies of inflammasome activation, cytokine-mediated tissue injury, and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies relevant to both veterinary medicine and human inflammatory disease research.