Swine Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family, which also includes IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), and IL-27. In pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), OSM signals through receptor complexes containing the shared gp130 (IL6ST) subunit together with the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), activating intracellular signaling pathways including JAK/STAT (particularly STAT3), MAPK, and PI3K/AKT. Swine OSM is produced primarily by activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and functions in regulation of inflammation, immune responses, hematopoiesis, and tissue remodeling. In swine health, OSM-mediated signaling is relevant during respiratory and systemic infections, including diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza, where cytokine-driven inflammatory responses influence leukocyte activation and tissue repair in affected organs. OSM may also contribute to fibrotic responses and epithelial or stromal cell regulation during chronic inflammation. Because pigs are widely used as large-animal models for human inflammatory and metabolic diseases, characterization of swine OSM supports research into IL-6 family cytokine signaling, host–pathogen interactions, inflammatory disease mechanisms, and tissue remodeling, with applications in both veterinary medicine and translational biomedical research.