Swine Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in response to infection, tissue injury, or inflammatory stimuli. Synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro–IL-1β), it is cleaved into its active form by caspase-1 within inflammasome complexes—most notably the NLRP3 inflammasome—and subsequently signals through the IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways that promote fever, leukocyte recruitment, endothelial activation, and acute-phase protein production. In swine health, IL-1β plays a central role in inflammatory responses associated with economically significant diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), swine influenza, African swine fever, enteric infections, bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis, where excessive IL-1β production can contribute to lung injury, systemic inflammation, and reduced growth performance. As a biomarker of innate immune activation, IL-1β is widely used in vaccine evaluation, disease pathogenesis studies, and immune monitoring in swine production systems. In translational research, pigs serve as valuable large-animal models due to their physiological and immunological similarities to humans, and characterization of swine IL-1β supports studies of inflammasome biology, cytokine-driven pathology, sepsis, trauma, and development of targeted anti-inflammatory therapies relevant to both veterinary and human medicine.