Caprine CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), also known as IP-10 (Interferon gamma–induced protein 10), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) that regulate T-cell recruitment during antiviral and inflammatory immune responses. In goats (Capra hircus), CXCL10 is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), viral infection, or inflammatory cytokines. CXCL10 signals primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells, promoting chemotaxis and activation of these immune cells at sites of infection or inflammation. In caprine health, CXCL10 contributes to immune responses against viral and bacterial pathogens, including infections such as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, where recruitment of Th1-type T cells is important for controlling intracellular pathogens. Because these infections involve cell-mediated immune responses similar to those seen in related human and livestock diseases, caprine CXCL10 is studied in veterinary immunology and host–pathogen interaction research, helping to clarify mechanisms of interferon-driven immune responses and T-cell trafficking in small ruminants.