Equine CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), also known as IP-10 (Interferon gamma–induced protein 10), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) that regulate T-cell recruitment during antiviral and inflammatory immune responses. In horses (Equus caballus), CXCL10 is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), viral infection, or inflammatory cytokines. CXCL10 signals primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells, promoting chemotaxis and activation of these immune cells at sites of infection or inflammation. In equine health, CXCL10 contributes to immune responses against viral and bacterial pathogens, including equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections and equine influenza virus, where recruitment of Th1-type T cells is important for antiviral immunity. Horses are also used as animal models for respiratory viral diseases, and CXCL10-mediated recruitment of CXCR3⁺ T cells in the respiratory tract has been studied to better understand interferon-driven immune responses, airway inflammation, and host–pathogen interactions relevant to both veterinary and comparative respiratory disease research.