Avian Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) is a peptide growth factor involved in regulating embryonic development, tissue growth, and metabolic processes in birds including chicken (Gallus gallus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos), and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The IGF-2 protein is identical at the amino acid level among these species, reflecting strong evolutionary conservation and its essential role in avian development and physiology. IGF-2 is expressed in multiple tissues, particularly during embryonic development, where it promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Avian IGF-2 primarily binds to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and can also interact with the insulin receptor, activating intracellular signaling pathways including PI3K–AKT and MAPK that regulate gene expression, cell growth, and metabolism. In chickens, ducks, and turkeys, IGF-2 contributes to embryonic growth, skeletal and muscle development, and regulation of metabolic processes during early life stages. Due to these functions and its conserved structure, IGF-2 is widely studied in avian developmental biology and poultry science, where it is associated with growth regulation, muscle development, and traits relevant to poultry production and health.