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CartCanine TNF alpha (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 500 ug (5 x 100 ug vials)
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFSF2) is a member of the TNF Superfamily. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, but it is produced also by a broad variety of cell types including lymphoid cells, mast cells, endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, adipose tissue, fibroblasts, and neuronal tissue. The primary role of TNF alpha is in the regulation of immune cells. TNF alpha, being an endogenous pyrogen, is able to induce fever, to induce apoptotic cell death, to induce sepsis (through IL-1 & IL-6 production), to induce cachexia, induce inflammation, and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication.
Alternate Names - TNF, DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, Tumour necrosis factor, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor, TNLG1F, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TNF-α Homology Across Species
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) TNF-α 100%
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) TNF-α 100%
Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seal) TNF-α 99%
Mirounga angustirostris (Northern elephant seal) TNF-α 99%
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) TNF-α 99%
Ursus maritimus (polar bear) TNF-α 99%
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) TNF-α 99%
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) TNF-α 98%
Mustela putorius furo (domestic ferret) TNF-α 97%
Neovison vison (American mink) TNF-α; 97%
Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) TNF-α 96%
Felis catus (domestic cat) TNF-α 96%
Panthera pardus (leopard) TNF-α 96%
More - https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Blood and tissue biomarker analysis in dogs with osteosarcoma treated with palliative radiation and intra-tumoral autologous natural killer cell transfer.
Judge SJ, Yanagisawa M, Sturgill IR, Bateni SB, Gingrich AA, Foltz JA, Lee DA, Modiano JF, Monjazeb AM, Culp WTN, Rebhun RB, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Canter RJ.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 21;15(2):e0224775. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224775. eCollection 2020.
Applications: Measurement of canine IL-2, and TNF alpha levels in serum by ELISA
Abstract
We have previously reported radiation-induced sensitization of canine osteosarcoma (OSA) to natural killer (NK) therapy, including results from a first-in-dog clinical trial. Here, we report correlative analyses of blood and tissue specimens for signals of immune activation in trial subjects. Among 10 dogs treated with palliative radiotherapy (RT) and intra-tumoral adoptive NK transfer, we performed ELISA on serum cytokines, flow cytometry for immune phenotype of PBMCs, and PCR on tumor tissue for immune-related gene expression. We then queried The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the association of cytotoxic/immune-related gene expression with human sarcoma survival. Updated survival analysis revealed five 6-month survivors, including one dog who lived 17.9 months. Using feeder line co-culture for NK expansion, we observed maximal activation of dog NK cells on day 17-19 post isolation with near 100% expression of granzyme B and NKp46 and high cytotoxic function in the injected NK product. Among dogs on trial, we observed a trend for higher baseline serum IL-6 to predict worse lung metastasis-free and overall survival (P = 0.08). PCR analysis revealed low absolute gene expression of CD3, CD8, and NKG2D in untreated OSA. Among treated dogs, there was marked heterogeneity in the expression of immune-related genes pre- and post-treatment, but increases in CD3 and CD8 gene expression were higher among dogs that lived > 6 months compared to those who did not. Analysis of the TCGA confirmed significant differences in survival among human sarcoma patients with high and low expression of genes associated with greater immune activation and cytotoxicity (CD3e, CD8a, IFN-γ, perforin, and CD122/IL-2 receptor beta). Updated results from a first-in-dog clinical trial of palliative RT and autologous NK cell immunotherapy for OSA illustrate the translational relevance of companion dogs for novel cancer therapies. Similar to human studies, analyses of immune markers from canine serum, PBMCs, and tumor tissue are feasible and provide insight into potential biomarkers of response and resistance.
Cytokine and Growth Factor Concentrations in Canine Autologous Conditioned Serum.
Sawyere DM, Lanz OI, Dahlgren LA, Barry SL, Nichols AC, Werre SR.
Vet Surg. 2016 Jul;45(5):582-6. doi: 10.1111/vsu.12506.
Applications: Measurement of canine IL-1RA, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha in serum and plasma by ELISA
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