Guinea Pig Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) following recognition of pathogens or tissue injury. Synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro–IL-1β), it is cleaved into its active form by caspase-1 within the inflammasome complex and signals through the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1), activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways that promote fever, leukocyte recruitment, vascular permeability, and amplification of inflammatory responses. In guinea pig health and research, IL-1β is prominently induced in pulmonary tissues during infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza virus, and other respiratory pathogens, contributing to granuloma formation, neutrophil infiltration, and tissue pathology. Because guinea pigs are widely used as translational models for tuberculosis, influenza, cytomegalovirus, and certain viral hemorrhagic fevers, characterization of IL-1β is critical for understanding inflammasome activation, cytokine-mediated lung injury, and host–pathogen interactions. As both a biomarker and functional mediator of innate immune activation, guinea pig IL-1β supports preclinical research in infectious disease, vaccine development, and evaluation of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapies relevant to human inflammatory and respiratory diseases.