Bovine CCL4 (MIP-1 beta) Recombinant Protein

Catalog Number:: RP0361B
Availability:: In stock
Application:: Cell Culture, ELISA Standard, ELISpot Control, Western Blot Control
100% Homology:: Bison bison bison (American buffalo), Bos indicus (zebu), Bos mutus (wild yak), Bos taurus (cattle)

Mouse APRIL (catalog RP0360M) is a yeast-derived cytokine supplied lyophilized without carrier protein in 10% trehalose; it has no affinity tags and is naturally endotoxin-free, and should be reconstituted in sterile PBS that contains at least 0.1% carrier protein. The protein is ~16.4 kDa, 146 amino acids long (full sequence provided), and >98% pure by SDS-PAGE, with amino-acid homology to mouse (Mus musculus) and Mus caroli. Store at -20°C (stable up to twelve months from date of receipt; working aliquots with carrier protein stable ~3 months) and avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Product origin is the USA. It is commonly used to study APRIL/TACI/BCMA signaling, B-cell survival, plasma-cell differentiation and antibody biology; typical experimental uses include cell-culture stimulation and dosing studies, B-cell proliferation and differentiation assays, receptor-binding and signaling studies, ELISA and neutralization assays, flow-cytometry and Western blot controls, and antibody generation/validation. Kingfisher Biotech products are supplied for research applications and are not intended for medicinal, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.

Amino Acid Sequence	APMGSDPPTA CCFSYTLRKI PRNFVNDYFE TSSLCSQPAV VFQTKKGRQV CANPSEPWVQ EYVDDLELN (69)
Endotoxin	Naturally endotoxin-free

Storage Conditions	-20°C
Molecular Weight	7.8 kDa
Purity	>98% as visualized by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Country Of Origin	USA

Bovine CCL4 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, also known as MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that regulates recruitment and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and infectious responses in cattle (Bos taurus). CCL4 primarily signals through the CCR5 receptor, promoting chemotaxis of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated T lymphocytes to sites of infection or tissue injury. In cattle, CCL4 is produced by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli such as microbial components and cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. CCL4-mediated immune cell recruitment plays an important role in host defense against pathogens involved in diseases such as bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), mastitis, and mycobacterial infections including Mycobacterium bovis. In these conditions, infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes contributes to pathogen clearance and activation of adaptive immune responses. However, excessive or prolonged expression of CCL4 may contribute to inflammatory tissue damage and chronic inflammation. As a regulator of leukocyte trafficking and inflammatory signaling, bovine CCL4 is important for studies of host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory disease mechanisms, and vaccine responses aimed at improving immune protection and disease resistance in cattle.

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