Rabbit Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) (also known as TNF or cachectin) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in innate immune responses, inflammation, and host defense against pathogens in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). TNF-α is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, which includes related cytokines such as TNF-β (lymphotoxin-α), Fas ligand (FasL), CD40 ligand (CD40L), and TRAIL, molecules that regulate immune signaling, apoptosis, and inflammatory processes. In rabbits, TNF-α is primarily produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes in response to infection, endotoxin exposure, or tissue injury. TNF-α exerts its biological effects by binding to TNF receptors TNFR1 (p55) and TNFR2 (p75), activating intracellular signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and caspase-mediated pathways, which regulate cytokine production, immune cell activation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. In rabbit health and research, TNF-α plays important roles in immune responses to bacterial and viral infections, and it has been studied in models of tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory diseases, where TNF-mediated signaling contributes to macrophage activation, granuloma formation, and vascular inflammation. Because rabbits are widely used as experimental models in immunology, cardiovascular disease, and infectious disease research, characterization of rabbit TNF-α supports studies of cytokine regulation, host–pathogen interactions, and inflammatory mechanisms relevant to both veterinary and human health.