Ovine CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), also known as IP-10 (Interferon gamma–induced protein 10), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) that regulate T-cell recruitment during antiviral and inflammatory immune responses. In sheep (Ovis aries), CXCL10 is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), microbial infection, or inflammatory cytokines. CXCL10 signals primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells, promoting chemotaxis and activation of these cells at sites of infection or inflammation. In ovine health, CXCL10 contributes to immune responses against viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, including infections affecting the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system. Sheep are also used as large-animal models for inflammatory lung diseases, and CXCL10 expression has been examined in ovine models of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which mimic aspects of human infant RSV disease, where CXCL10-mediated recruitment of CXCR3⁺ T cells contributes to antiviral immunity and airway inflammation. These studies make ovine CXCL10 relevant for comparative immunology, respiratory disease research, and investigation of interferon-driven immune responses.