Rat CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), also known as IP-10 (Interferon gamma–induced protein 10), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) that regulate T-cell recruitment during antiviral and inflammatory immune responses. In rats (Rattus norvegicus), CXCL10 is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), viral infection, or inflammatory cytokines. CXCL10 signals primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells, promoting chemotaxis and activation of these cells at sites of infection or inflammation. In rat models, CXCL10 plays an important role in Th1-mediated immune responses and inflammatory disease processes, particularly in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Rats are widely used as animal models for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for human multiple sclerosis, where CXCL10 contributes to recruitment of CXCR3⁺ T cells into the central nervous system and development of neuroinflammation and demyelination. These studies make rat CXCL10 an important molecule for understanding chemokine-driven immune cell trafficking and mechanisms of immune-mediated pathology.