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Equine CCL4 (MIP-1 beta) Recombinant Protein
- Catalog Number:
- RP0981E
- Availability:
- In stock
- Application:
- Cell Culture, ELISA Standard, ELISpot Control, Western Blot Control
- 100% Homology:
- Equus caballus (horse), Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)
- Equine CCL4 (MIP-1β) (catalog RP0981E) is a yeast-derived chemokine supplied lyophilized without carrier protein in 10% trehalose; it has no affinity tags and is naturally endotoxin-free, and should be reconstituted in sterile PBS that contains at least 0.1% carrier protein. The protein is ~7.8 kDa, 69 amino acids long (full sequence provided), and >98% pure by SDS-PAGE, with 100% amino-acid homology to horse and Przewalski's horse. Store at -20°C (stable up to twelve months from date of receipt; working aliquots with carrier protein stable ~3 months) and avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Product origin is the USA. It is commonly used to study CCL4/MIP-1β signaling and immune-cell chemotaxis (including recruitment and activation of macrophages, NK cells, and T cells); typical experimental uses include cell-culture stimulation and migration assays, chemotaxis and signaling studies, ELISA and neutralization assays, flow-cytometry and Western blot controls, and antibody generation/validation. Kingfisher Biotech products are supplied for research applications and are not intended for medicinal, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
| Amino Acid Sequence | APMGSDPPTA CCFSYTLRKL PRNFVVDYYE TSSLCSQPAV VFQTKKGRQV CANPSDDWVQ EYMDDLELN (69) |
| Endotoxin | Naturally endotoxin-free |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C |
| Molecular Weight | 7.8 kDa |
| Purity | >98% as visualized by SDS-PAGE analysis. |
| Country Of Origin | USA |
- Equine CCL4 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, also known as MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that regulates recruitment and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and infectious responses in horses (Equus caballus). CCL4 primarily signals through the CCR5 receptor, promoting chemotaxis of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated T lymphocytes to sites of infection or tissue injury. In horses, CCL4 is produced by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli such as microbial components and cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. CCL4-mediated immune cell recruitment contributes to host defense in diseases such as equine influenza virus infection, bacterial pneumonia, and other respiratory pathogens, where leukocyte trafficking to lung tissue helps coordinate antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. It may also play roles in musculoskeletal inflammation and joint disease, where infiltration of immune cells contributes to inflammatory signaling and tissue remodeling. While CCL4-driven leukocyte migration supports pathogen clearance and immune activation, excessive or prolonged expression may contribute to inflammatory tissue damage. As a regulator of immune cell trafficking and inflammatory signaling, equine CCL4 is important in studies of host-pathogen interactions, respiratory disease, and inflammatory mechanisms affecting equine health and performance.
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