Caprine Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a Th2-associated cytokine produced primarily by activated CD4⁺ T helper 2 (Th2) cells and other type 2 immune populations in goats (Capra hircus), where it plays a central role in regulating mucosal immunity, alternative macrophage activation, and tissue remodeling. IL-13 signals through receptor complexes composed of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα, activating JAK/STAT6 pathways that modulate gene expression involved in IgE-associated responses, mucus production, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promotion of wound healing and fibrosis. In caprine health, IL-13 is particularly important in immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes and other parasitic infections, where Th2 polarization supports parasite expulsion and intestinal tissue repair, but excessive or prolonged IL-13 activity may contribute to fibrosis or chronic inflammation. IL-13 may also influence immune regulation during viral infections such as caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and respiratory disease by shaping the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses. As a biomarker of type 2 immune activation, caprine IL-13 is relevant in studies of host–parasite interactions, vaccine efficacy, and immune resilience in small ruminant production systems. Characterization of caprine IL-13 supports veterinary research into cytokine network regulation, disease resistance, and development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies to improve goat health and productivity.