Caprine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL-6 family—which includes IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), and IL-27—and signals through receptor complexes containing the shared gp130 subunit. In goats (Capra hircus), LIF binds to the LIF receptor (LIFR) in association with gp130, activating JAK/STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, differentiation, immune modulation, and tissue repair. Caprine LIF plays important roles in reproductive biology, particularly in endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and early embryonic development, making it highly relevant to fertility management and assisted reproductive technologies in small ruminants. LIF is also involved in hematopoiesis and modulation of inflammatory responses during infections such as caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE), mastitis, and respiratory disease, where STAT3-driven signaling influences tissue remodeling and immune balance. Dysregulated LIF expression may contribute to fibrosis or tumor progression in certain contexts. As both a reproductive and immunomodulatory cytokine, caprine LIF is important in studies of embryo culture systems, stem cell biology, inflammatory regulation, and cytokine network dynamics. Characterization of caprine LIF supports veterinary research aimed at improving reproductive efficiency, understanding disease pathogenesis, and advancing regenerative and translational applications in small ruminant health.