Rabbit IL-17F (Interleukin-17F) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family that contributes to host defense and inflammatory regulation in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). IL-17F is produced primarily by Th17 CD4⁺ T cells, as well as by γδ T cells and other innate lymphoid populations, in response to microbial infection and immune stimulation. It signals through the IL-17 receptor complex (IL-17RA/IL-17RC) to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines including CXCL8, and antimicrobial peptides, thereby promoting neutrophil recruitment and strengthening mucosal barrier immunity in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ocular tissues. IL-17F often acts synergistically with IL-17A to amplify Th17-driven inflammatory responses. In healthy rabbits, basal IL-17F expression is generally low but increases during bacterial and fungal infections, chronic inflammatory conditions, and experimental immune challenge. In biomedical research, rabbit IL-17F is relevant in models of tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, ocular inflammation, and autoimmune-like disease, where Th17-associated pathways contribute to neutrophilic inflammation and tissue pathology. Characterization of rabbit IL-17F provides insight into mucosal immunity, host–pathogen interactions, and inflammatory disease mechanisms in translational research settings.