Human and Cynomolgus Monkey Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF2, also known as bFGF) is a heparin-binding growth factor belonging to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, which includes more than 20 related proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. In humans (Homo sapiens) and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), the FGF2 protein is identical at the amino acid level, reflecting strong evolutionary conservation and indicating highly similar biological functions in these primates. FGF2 is produced by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and other stromal and epithelial cells, where it regulates cell growth, tissue regeneration, and formation of new blood vessels. FGF2 signals through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–FGFR4) in the presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, activating intracellular pathways such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K–AKT, and PLCγ, which promote cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In human biology, FGF2 is critical for wound healing, tissue repair, neurogenesis, and vascular development, and dysregulation of FGF2 signaling has been associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and abnormal tissue growth. Because cynomolgus monkeys share close genetic and physiological similarity with humans, they are widely used as preclinical animal models for regenerative medicine, angiogenesis, and cancer research, where the conserved FGF2 protein helps researchers evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting growth factor signaling pathways relevant to human disease.