Bovine Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenic growth factors, which also includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-E. In cattle (Bos taurus), PlGF functions primarily as a regulator of angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and placental development. PlGF binds mainly to the VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) on endothelial and other target cells, activating signaling pathways that promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and new blood vessel formation. In bovine physiology, PlGF is expressed in the placenta, uterine tissues, and other vascularized organs, where it contributes to placental vascularization, maternal–fetal nutrient exchange, and successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance. PlGF signaling also participates in tissue repair and inflammatory responses, influencing recruitment of macrophages and modulation of vascular growth during tissue remodeling. Because proper placental vascular development is critical for fetal growth, reproductive efficiency, and pregnancy success in cattle, bovine PlGF is studied in research on placental biology, reproductive physiology, angiogenesis, and pregnancy-associated disorders, contributing to improved understanding of reproductive health and productivity in livestock.