Human CXCL2 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2), also known as MIP-2α (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 alpha) or GRO-β (growth-regulated oncogene beta), is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which also includes CXCL1 (GRO-α) and CXCL3 (GRO-γ) that regulate neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses. In humans (Homo sapiens), CXCL2 is produced by macrophages, monocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, microbial products, or tissue injury. CXCL2 primarily signals through the chemokine receptor CXCR2, which is expressed on neutrophils and other innate immune cells, promoting chemotaxis, activation, and migration of neutrophils to sites of infection or inflammation. Through these actions, CXCL2 plays a key role in innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens and in the regulation of acute inflammatory responses, particularly in tissues such as the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Dysregulated CXCL2 expression has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, tumor-associated inflammation, and cancer progression, where CXCL2-mediated neutrophil recruitment can influence tissue inflammation and the tumor microenvironment. As a result, human CXCL2 is widely studied in immunology, infectious disease research, and cancer biology as both a mediator of inflammatory signaling and a potential therapeutic target.