Caprine CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, also known as MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that plays an important role in recruitment and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and infectious responses in goats (Capra hircus). CCL3 primarily signals through the CCR1 and CCR5 receptors, promoting chemotaxis of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated T lymphocytes to sites of infection or tissue injury. In goats, CCL3 is produced by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli such as microbial components and cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. CCL3-mediated immune cell recruitment is important for host defense against pathogens involved in diseases such as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection, mastitis, and respiratory or bacterial infections, where infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes contributes to immune activation and pathogen clearance. While CCL3-driven leukocyte trafficking supports protective immune responses, excessive or prolonged expression may contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. As a regulator of immune cell migration and inflammatory signaling, caprine CCL3 is important in studies of host–pathogen interactions, inflammatory disease mechanisms, and immune responses relevant to goat health and small ruminant veterinary research.