Bovine Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) is a peptide growth factor that plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, tissue growth, and metabolic processes in cattle (Bos taurus). IGF-2 is expressed in multiple tissues, particularly during fetal development, where it contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Bovine IGF-2 binds primarily to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and can also interact with the insulin receptor, activating intracellular signaling pathways including PI3K–AKT and MAPK that regulate gene expression, cell growth, and metabolism. In cattle, IGF-2 is especially important during prenatal growth, supporting placental function, fetal tissue development, and organ formation. Beyond development, IGF-2 may contribute to postnatal tissue maintenance and metabolic regulation. Due to its roles in growth and development, bovine IGF-2 is widely studied in livestock biology, reproductive physiology, and agricultural research, where it is associated with fetal growth, muscle development, and traits relevant to cattle production and health.