Feline Interferon-Alpha (IFN-α) is a type I interferon produced primarily by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and virus-infected cells in cats (Felis catus), where it plays a central role in innate antiviral immunity by inducing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), enhancing antigen presentation, and activating natural killer (NK) cells and adaptive immune responses through the IFNAR receptor complex and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. In feline health, IFN-α is critically involved in host defense against viral infections such as feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline infectious peritonitis (FIP; caused by feline coronavirus), feline herpesvirus, and calicivirus, and recombinant feline IFN-α has been used therapeutically to modulate antiviral and immune responses. Dysregulated or insufficient IFN-α responses can contribute to viral persistence, immunopathology, or chronic inflammation. Importantly, cats serve as valuable natural animal models for human retroviral infections (FIV as a model for HIV), coronavirus-associated immune dysregulation (FIP as a model for severe systemic coronavirus disease), and certain oncogenic viral conditions, making characterization of feline IFN-α highly relevant for understanding antiviral immunity, viral immune evasion, and interferon-based therapeutic strategies in both veterinary and comparative biomedical research.