Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, also known as GRO-α – growth-regulated oncogene alpha) is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which includes related chemokines such as CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 (IL-8) that regulate neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses. In cynomolgus monkeys, CXCL1 is produced by macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to infection, inflammatory cytokines, or tissue injury. CXCL1 primarily signals through the chemokine receptor CXCR2, promoting chemotaxis, activation, and migration of neutrophils and other innate immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. In this species, CXCL1 contributes to innate immune defense and regulation of inflammatory responses, particularly in tissues such as the lungs, skin, and vascular endothelium. Because cynomolgus monkeys share strong genetic and immunological similarity with humans, they are widely used as preclinical animal models for infectious disease and inflammatory research, including respiratory infections and vaccine studies, where CXCL1-mediated neutrophil recruitment is important for understanding host immune responses and inflammatory pathology.