Ovine CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, also known as GRO-α – growth-regulated oncogene alpha) is a proinflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, which includes related chemokines such as CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 (IL-8) that regulate neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses. In sheep (Ovis aries), CXCL1 is produced by macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to infection, inflammatory cytokines, or tissue injury. CXCL1 primarily signals through the chemokine receptor CXCR2, promoting chemotaxis, activation, and migration of neutrophils and other innate immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. In ovine health, CXCL1 plays an important role in innate immune defense, particularly during bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and mammary gland, where neutrophil recruitment is critical for pathogen clearance. CXCL1-mediated inflammation is also relevant in conditions such as ovine mastitis and respiratory disease, where coordinated neutrophil responses help control infection. Because neutrophil-driven immune responses are essential for protection against bacterial pathogens in sheep, ovine CXCL1 is studied in veterinary immunology, mastitis research, and host–pathogen interaction studies to better understand inflammatory signaling and immune defense mechanisms in small ruminants.