Feline IL-18 (Interleukin-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses in cats (Felis catus). IL-18 is produced primarily by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells as an inactive precursor that requires cleavage by caspase-1 following inflammasome activation to become biologically active. Once released, IL-18 promotes production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, thereby enhancing Th1-type immune responses and cell-mediated immunity. In healthy cats, basal IL-18 expression is generally low, but levels increase during infection, inflammatory stimulation, and immune activation. Elevated IL-18 has been implicated in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, chronic inflammatory conditions, and certain immune-mediated diseases. In veterinary and comparative medicine research, feline IL-18 serves as a biomarker of inflammasome activation and Th1-mediated immune responses, providing insight into host–pathogen interactions, inflammatory disease pathogenesis, and immune regulation in feline health.