Bovine Interleukin-36 Alpha (IL-36α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in regulating immune responses and inflammatory signaling in cattle (Bos taurus). IL-36α is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is produced primarily by epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and immune cells in response to infection, tissue damage, or inflammatory stimuli. Bovine IL-36α binds to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R, also known as IL1RL2) in combination with the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), activating intracellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK that promote expression of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of immune cells. Through these signaling pathways, IL-36α contributes to activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes and helps regulate communication between epithelial tissues and the immune system. In cattle, IL-36α participates in inflammatory responses in barrier tissues such as the skin and mucosal surfaces and contributes to host defense against microbial pathogens. In cell culture, recombinant bovine IL-36α is used to stimulate inflammatory signaling in epithelial and immune cells, induce cytokine and chemokine production, and study mechanisms of IL-36–mediated immune activation and epithelial–immune cell interactions in in vitro immunology assays.