Bovine Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the class I cytokine receptor family, which also includes receptors for growth hormone (GHR), erythropoietin (EPOR), and several interleukins that signal through related intracellular pathways. In cattle (Bos taurus), PRLR binds the hormone prolactin (PRL) and activates intracellular signaling cascades, primarily the JAK2/STAT5 pathway, as well as MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, leading to regulation of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolic activity. The bovine prolactin receptor is expressed in multiple tissues including the mammary gland, ovary, uterus, liver, adipose tissue, and immune cells, where it mediates the diverse physiological effects of prolactin. PRLR signaling plays a particularly important role in mammary gland development, lactogenesis, and maintenance of milk production, making it critical for dairy physiology and productivity. In addition to the membrane-bound receptor, a soluble form of bovine PRLR (sPRLR) has been described, which can arise through alternative splicing or proteolytic cleavage of the receptor extracellular domain. This soluble receptor can bind circulating prolactin and may act as a regulatory modulator of prolactin signaling, influencing hormone availability and receptor-mediated responses. Because prolactin signaling is essential for lactation performance, reproductive physiology, and metabolic regulation, bovine PRLR and its soluble form are studied in research on dairy production, endocrine regulation, and genetic traits associated with milk yield and reproductive health in cattle.