Bee Melittin is a bioactive peptide and the principal component of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom that plays a major role in the venom’s cytolytic and inflammatory effects. Melittin is a small amphipathic peptide that interacts with lipid membranes, where it forms pores and disrupts membrane integrity, leading to cell lysis and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Through these mechanisms, bee melittin contributes to the physiological responses associated with bee stings, including pain, inflammation, and immune activation. Melittin can also stimulate phospholipase A₂ activity and promote the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines. In cell culture, purified or synthetic bee melittin is commonly used to study membrane permeability, cell lysis mechanisms, and inflammatory signaling pathways, as well as to investigate antimicrobial and anticancer effects of membrane-active peptides. Bee melittin is also widely studied in pharmacological and biomedical research as a model peptide for understanding membrane–protein interactions and the biological activities of venom-derived peptides.