Swine CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12), also known as SDF-1 (stromal cell–derived factor-1), is a homeostatic chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that plays a central role in cell migration, immune cell trafficking, and tissue development. In pigs (Sus scrofa), CXCL12 is produced by stromal cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and bone marrow niche cells, where it regulates the migration and positioning of hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, and other progenitor cells. CXCL12 primarily signals through the receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3 (CXCR7), guiding immune cells and stem cells to specific tissues and supporting hematopoiesis, immune surveillance, tissue repair, and organ development. In swine physiology, the CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling axis plays an important role in maintaining bone marrow stem cell niches and lymphoid tissue organization. Because pigs share important anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, they are widely used as translational animal models in regenerative medicine and cardiovascular research, where CXCL12 has been studied in porcine models of myocardial infarction and tissue regeneration, in which CXCL12-mediated recruitment of CXCR4⁺ stem and progenitor cells contributes to cardiac repair and neovascularization. These studies make swine CXCL12 an important molecule for investigating stem cell trafficking, tissue repair mechanisms, and chemokine signaling in large-animal biomedical models.