Canine C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein belonging to the pentraxin family, which also includes serum amyloid P component (SAP) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3)—proteins involved in innate immune responses and inflammation. In dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), CRP is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes in the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as IL-1β and TNF-α, during infection, tissue injury, or inflammatory disease. CRP binds to phosphocholine residues on microbial cell membranes and damaged host cells, promoting complement activation and opsonization, which enhances clearance of pathogens and cellular debris by phagocytes. In canine medicine, CRP is considered a major acute-phase protein and is widely used as a sensitive biomarker of systemic inflammation, with elevated levels observed in bacterial infections, immune-mediated diseases, trauma, postoperative inflammation, pancreatitis, and certain cancers. Dogs also serve as valuable comparative animal models for human inflammatory diseases, as canine CRP shows similar kinetics and clinical behavior to human CRP, making it useful for studying systemic inflammation, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular inflammation, and cancer-associated inflammatory responses. Because many inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases occur naturally in dogs, canine CRP is frequently used in translational research, veterinary diagnostics, and comparative medicine to better understand acute-phase responses, inflammatory disease mechanisms, and therapeutic monitoring relevant to both veterinary and human health.