Rabbit IL-17A (Interleukin-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family that plays an important role in host defense and inflammatory responses in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). IL-17A is produced primarily by Th17 CD4⁺ T cells, as well as by γδ T cells and other innate lymphoid populations, in response to microbial infection and immune stimulation. It acts on epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines (including CXCL8), and antimicrobial peptides, thereby promoting neutrophil recruitment and enhancing mucosal and barrier immunity. In healthy rabbits, basal IL-17A expression is generally low but increases during bacterial and fungal infections, chronic inflammatory conditions, and experimental immune challenge. In biomedical research, rabbit IL-17A is particularly relevant in models of tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, ocular inflammation, and autoimmune-like disease, where Th17-mediated responses contribute to granuloma formation, neutrophilic inflammation, and tissue pathology. Characterization of IL-17A in rabbits provides valuable insight into Th17-driven immunity, host–pathogen interactions, and inflammatory disease mechanisms in translational research settings.