Rabbit Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL-6 family—which includes IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), and IL-27—and signals through receptor complexes containing the shared gp130 subunit. In rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), LIF binds to the LIF receptor (LIFR) in association with gp130, activating JAK/STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K pathways that regulate cell survival, differentiation, immune modulation, and tissue repair. Rabbit LIF plays important roles in reproductive biology, particularly in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation, and has been studied in the context of early embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. In disease models, LIF-mediated STAT3 signaling may influence inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling in experimental systems of atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, ocular inflammation, pulmonary injury, and cancer. Dysregulated LIF expression could contribute to fibrosis or tumor progression through persistent STAT3 activation. Because rabbits are widely used as translational models in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and ophthalmic research, characterization of rabbit LIF supports investigations into IL-6 family cytokine signaling, regenerative biology, host–pathogen interactions, and development of STAT3-modulating therapeutic strategies relevant to human inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.