Caprine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor (PlGF)—key regulators of angiogenesis, vascular development, and endothelial cell function. In goats (Capra hircus), VEGF-A is produced by multiple cell types including endothelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and trophoblast cells, particularly in response to hypoxia, inflammation, or tissue injury. VEGF-A exerts its biological effects primarily through binding to VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR) on endothelial cells, activating intracellular signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and PLCγ, which promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, vascular permeability, and formation of new blood vessels. In caprine physiology, VEGF-A plays important roles in placental vascular development, reproductive function, mammary gland growth, and tissue repair. It is particularly important during pregnancy and placentation, where VEGF-mediated angiogenesis supports maternal–fetal blood supply and nutrient exchange. VEGF-A also contributes to wound healing and inflammatory responses through regulation of vascular remodeling and tissue regeneration. Because angiogenesis is essential for reproductive efficiency, fetal development, and mammary gland function in goats, caprine VEGF-A is studied in reproductive biology, placental development, vascular physiology, and livestock health research.