Ovine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor (PlGF)—key regulators of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and endothelial cell growth. In sheep (Ovis aries), VEGF-A is produced by a variety of cell types including endothelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and trophoblast cells, particularly in response to hypoxia, inflammation, and tissue injury. VEGF-A exerts its biological effects primarily through binding to VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR) on endothelial cells, activating intracellular signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and PLCγ, which promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, vascular permeability, and formation of new blood vessels. In ovine physiology, VEGF-A plays important roles in placental vascular development, reproductive function, fetal growth, and tissue repair, supporting the formation of an adequate maternal–fetal blood supply during pregnancy. VEGF-A is also involved in wound healing and vascular remodeling following tissue injury. Because sheep are widely used as large-animal models for cardiovascular physiology, placental biology, and fetal development, ovine VEGF-A is studied in research on angiogenesis, reproductive biology, and vascular regulation, providing insights relevant to both livestock health and translational biomedical research.